GLUTEUS MAXIMUS – TRAINING RESEARCH
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RESEARCH
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS-MEDIUS-MINIMUS
– Multiple Exercises
Gluteal Muscle Forces during Hip-Focused Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Exercises – Collings 2023
Procedure:
– 14 female footballers (18-32 yrs) with at least 3 ms of lower limb strength training experience
Review: PhysioTutors.com
– Hip extension–dominant movements (split squat, single-leg squat, RDL, and hip thrust) created similar muscle forces in the gluteus medius and minimus compared to hip abduction movements (hip hike, banded side step, side-lying leg raise)
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
– Multiple Exercises
Review of studies evaluating gluteus maximus and gluteus medius activation during rehab exercises .
Michael Reiman – 2011
Procedure
– Look at studies that evaluated activation of GMax during rehab exercises; Note: subjects included in this review were healthy
Results for Gluteus Maximus
– the following can affect EMG activity:
(1) trunk position (2) movement direction (3) base of support
– EMG ranged from 74% to 9% MVIC; strength gains are expected for activation levels = or >40% MVIC
· 74% – forward stepup
· 59% to 56% – 1-leg squat; 1-leg RDL; wall squat; retro backward step-up; 1/4 squat
· 49% to 40% – transverse lunge; sideways lunge; lateral step-up; 1-leg bridge
· 39% to 34% – clam 60º hip flexion; lunge neutral trunk; clam 30º hip flexion
· 25% to 19% – bridging on stable surface; lunge forward lean; side lying hip ab-duction; bridging on a Swiss ball; lunge backward lean
· 9% – prone plank
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
– Multiple Exercises
Glute Max Activation during Common Strength and Hypertrophy Exercises – Review – 2020 – Neto
Procedure
– GMax activation levels during strength exercises that incorporate hip extension and use of external load
Results
– the following factors might directly influence GMax activation
(1) External load
(2) movement velocity
(3) level of fatigue
(4) mechanical complexity of the exercise
(5) need for joint stabilization
– Step-up may elicit the highest level of Gmax activation possibly due to the stabilization requirement
| Classification | Activation | Exercise | Average (%MVIC) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1º | Very high | Step-Up | 169.22 ± 101.47 |
| 2° | Very high | Lateral Step-Up | 114.25 ± 54.74 |
| 3° | Very high | Diagonal Step-Up | 113.21 ± 43.54 |
| 4° | Very high | Crossover Step-up | 104.19 ± 33.63 |
| 5° | Very high | Hex Bar Deadlift | 88 ± 16 |
| 6° | Very high | Rotation BB Hip Thrust | 86.18 ± 34.3 |
| 7° | Very high | Traditional BB Hip Thrust | Lower GM: 69.5/Upper GM: 86.7 |
| 8° | Very high | American BB Hip Thrust | Lower GM: 57.4 ± 34.8/ Upper GM: 89.9 ± 32.4 |
| 9° | Very high | Belt Squat | 71.34 ± 29.42 |
| 10° | Very high | Split Squat | 70 ± 15 |
| 11° | Very high | In-line Lunge | 67 ± 11 |
| 12° | Very high | Traditional Lunge | 66 ± 13 |
| 13° | Very high | Pull Barbell Hip Thrust | 65.87 ± 23.28 |
| 14° | Very high | Modified Single-leg Squat | 65.6 ± 15.1 |
| 15° | Very high | Traditional Deadlift | 64.50 ± 41.72 |
| 16° | Very high | Band Hip Thrust | Lower GM: 49.2 ± 26.5/ Upper GM: 79.2 ± 29.9 |
| 17° | High | Parallel Back Squat | 59.76 ± 22.52 |
| 18° | High | Feet-away Barbell Hip Thrust | 51.38±17.93 |
| 19º | High | Front Squat | 40.54 ± 4.73 |
| 20° | High | Stiff-Leg Deadlift | 40.5 ± 18.8 |
| 21° | Moderate | Overhead Squat | 39.75 ± 29.91 |
| 22° | Moderate | Sumo Deadlift | 37 ± 28 |
| 23° | Moderate | Partial Back Squat | 28.16 ± 10.35 |
| 24° | Moderate | Full Back Squat | 26.56 ± 12.33 |
UPPER GLUTEUS MAXIMUS, GLUTEUS MEDIUS, TFL
– Multiple Exercises
Which Exercises Target the Gluteal Muscles While Minimizing Activation of the Tensor Fascia Lata? – 2013 – Selkowitz
Procedure
– which exercises are best for activating GMed and superior portion of GMax, while minimizing activity of TFL
Fine Wire Electrodes
– Sup-Gmax: superior and lateral to midpoint of line drawn b/n posterior superior iliac spine and posterior greater trochanter
– GMed: 2.5 cm distal to midpoint of iliac crest (ie, middle portion)
– TFL: distal and slightly lateral to anterior superior iliac spine and medial and superior to greater trochanter
Results
| Exercise | Tensor Fascia Lata | Gluteus Medius | Superior Gluteus Maximus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Side-lying hip abduction | 32.3 ± 13.1 | 43.5 ± 14.7 | 23.7 ± 15.3 |
| Bilateral bridge – Hip Thrust | 8.2 ± 7.4 | 15.0 ± 10.5 | 17.4 ± 11.9 |
| Clam | 11.4 ± 11.4 | 26.7 ± 18.0 | 43.6 ± 26.1 |
| Hip hike | 31.4 ± 14.4 | 37.7 ± 15.1 | 17.7 ± 15.2 |
| Lunge | 21.6 ± 14.5 | 19.3 ± 12.9 | 20.1 ± 11.1 |
| Quadruped hip extension, knee extending | 15.6 ± 9.3 | 27.3 ± 14.9 | 28.5 ± 16.6 |
| Quadruped hip extension, knee flexed | 18.7 ± 10.6 | 30.9 ± 15.2 | 30.1 ± 12.5 |
| Sidestep | 13.1 ± 7.1 | 30.2 ± 15.7 | 27.4 ± 16.7 |
| Squat | 4.6 ± 3.8 | 9.7 ± 7.3 | 12.9 ± 7.9 |
| Step-up | 21.4 ± 11.4 | 29.5 ± 14.9 | 22.8 ± 15.6 |
| Unilateral bridge – Hip Thrust | 18.1 ± 12.9 | 30.9 ± 20.7 | 34.6 ± 16.8 |